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Ekstrom Library

Government Resources and International Information: Afghanistan

AFGHANISTAN

About Afghanistan

Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 Communist counter-coup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan Communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-Communist mujahedin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama BIN LADIN. The UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. Despite gains toward building a stable central government, a resurgent Taliban and continuing provincial instability - particularly in the south and the east - remain serious challenges for the Afghan Government. (Source: World Factbook)

Afghanistan: Children, Youth and Family

Afghanistan: Economy, Business, Labor, Banking, Industry and Trade

Afghanistan: Education, Literacy and Libraries

Afghanistan: Environment, Climate, Geology, Energy, Mining, Animals and Natural Disasters

Afghanistan: Equality, Democracy, Civil and Human Rights

Afghanistan: Government, Elections and Politics

Afghanistan: Health, Disability, Safety, Nutrition and Fitness

Afghanistan: History, Heritage, Anthropology, Archaeology and Geography

Afghanistan: International Relations, Diplomacy and Foreign Assistance

Afghanistan; Judicial System, Courts and Law

Afghanistan: Military, Defense, Security, Intelligence, Terrorism and Peace

Afghanistan War: -2001-2010

Afghanistan War: 2011-2120

Afghanistan War: U.S. Evacuation and Taliban Takeover 2021-22

Afghanistan: Women