This page includes guidelines for two common citation styles, AMS and APA. If you are using another style and have questions, feel free to email the Science Librarian, Tessa Withorn (tessa.withorn@louisville.edu).
Ask your professor which style they would like you to use for your assignment. If you get to choose, I highly recommend APA!
This guide is a quick introduction to the American Mathematical Society (AMS) citation style for in-text citations and references. Be sure to consult chapter 10 of the AMS Style Guide for full details on citing sources in AMS Style.
The most common way to cite sources in-text is to list references sequentially in brackets. If a reference is repeated, use the original reference number. The reference list is ordered numerically.
Properties of feral curves include area and curvature estimates, energy thresholds, compactness, and asymptotic properties [1].
Some professors or journals may ask you to format your references in-text with the author's last name and the year in brackets [Fish2023], or the first letter of the author's last name and an abbreviation of the year [F23].
List the complete citation at the end of the paper in a References or Bibliography section. Citations will vary depending on the type of source.
1. Author(s), Listed as first initial or name and last name.
2. Title of the article, In italics and sentence case, meaning only the first word of the title or subtitle and any proper nouns are capitalized.
3. Shortened Journal Title. Some journal abbreviations will be included with the article information, otherwise look up the abbreviation of names from MathSciNet.
4. Volume Number In bold.
5. (Year),
6. Issue number, List as no. #.
7. Page range,
8. DOI Include only the digital object identifier (DOI) string (not the https://) after DOI.
[1] Joel W. Fish, and Helmut Hofer, Feral curves and minimal sets, Ann. of Math. 179 (2023), no. 2, 533-738, DOI 10.4007/annals.2023.197.2.2
1. Author(s), Listed as first initial or name and last name.
2. Book title, In italics and sentence case, meaning only the first word of the title or subtitle and any proper nouns are capitalized.
3. Volume number, If available. Listed as Vol., #. May also include the name of a series.
4. Publisher,
5. Publisher's city,
6. Year.
[2] Luiz Paulo Fávero, Patrícia Belfiore, and Rafael de Freitas Souza, Data science, analytics and machine learning with R, Academic Press, Cambridge, 2023.
1. Author(s), Listed as first initial or name and last name. If there is no listed author, list the publisher first instead.
2. Publisher, Usually the name of the website.
3. Title of webpage In sentence case, meaning only the first word of the title or subtitle and any proper nouns are capitalized.
4. (Date), List as much detail as is available for publication date or date last updated.
5. URL.
[3] Allechar Serrano López, American Mathematical Society, The Jordan curve theorem as a lusona (2023), https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/02/01/the-jordan-curve-theorem-as-a-lusona/